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The Oxyrhynchus Gospels are two fragmentary manuscripts discovered among the rich finds of discarded papyri at Oxyrhynchus in Egypt. Unknown to most laymen, they throw light on early non-canonical Gospel traditions. ==Oxyrhynchus 840== Oxyrhynchus 840 (P. Oxy. V 840), found in 1905, is a single small vellum parchment leaf with 45 lines of text written on both sides in a tiny neat hand that dates it to the 4th century, almost square, less than 10 cm across. It is kept at the Bodleian Library, MS. Gr. th. g. 11 (P).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/medieval/greek/gr-th.html )〕 The text probably predates 200, but no more is determinable from this evidence. In his introduction in ''The Complete Gospels'', Philip Sellew notes that this fragment was likely a talisman text, kept as an amulet, perhaps worn around the neck. Michael J. Kruger who did his PhD dissertation on this fragment 〔Larry Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ, Eerdman Publishing 2003, p 439, footnote 40〕 concludes that this could not be an amulet but rather a miniature codex.〔Michael J Kruger, Journal of Theological Studies 53 (2003), p 93〕 The text itself has been dated to the first half of the second century. Sellew calls it "similar to the New Testament gospels in its style and tone." The fragment begins with the end of a warning to an evildoer who plans ahead, but who doesn't take the next life into account. There follows sections of a narrative unparalleled in any other known gospel tradition, about Jesus' encounter with "a Pharisee, a leading priest" who tries to order Jesus and the disciples out of the Temple as ritually unclean. Jesus responds by contrasting ritual cleanliness, gotten by bathing with water used by dogs and pigs, like a harlot, against the life-giving water that comes down from heaven in baptism. Jesus is called "Savior" ((ギリシア語:Σωτήρ)), which is rare in the New Testament, but not unparalleled.〔e.g. ''Luke'' 1:69, 2:11; ''John'' 4:42; ''Acts'' 5:31, 13:23〕 The author of the fragment also believes that laymen have to change their clothes to enter the temple, for which there is no other evidence. The author is distinctly hostile to Judaism, but as he knows little about it, the text is presumably not from Judea; the author's vague grasp of details of Temple rituals have suggested a Johannine circle, perhaps in Syria.〔Sellew's note to 2:2; for Syria, see (Geoff Trowbridge, "The Oxyrhynchus 840 Gospel" ).〕 ==Oxyrhynchus 1224== Oxyrhynchus 1224 (P. Oxy. X 1224), now at the Bodleian Library, MS. Gr. th. e. 8 (P),〔 consists of two small papyrus fragments from the late 3rd or early 4th century. It contains six passages, each about a sentence. Two of the longer ones are parallel to Mark 2:17 and Luke 9:50, but the differences in phrasing show they are textually independent of the Gospels. A precise date for composition is unknown; 50 is possible,〔Miller's introduction, ''Complete Gospels'', p.416, and notes to fragments 5 and 6.〕 though a date of around 150 AD. is more widely accepted by scholars.〔Craig A. Evans, Ph.D., Fabricating Jesus: How Modern Scholars Distort the Gospels, p. 61〕 John Dominic Crossan notes the mutilated condition in his introduction to the fragmentary text in ''The Complete Gospels'' resulting in highly conjectural reconstructions of the text, which, however, "does not seem to be dependent on the New Testament gospels.... As an independent gospel, it belongs, insofar as its fragmentary state allows us to see, not with discourse gospels involving the risen Jesus (e.g., the ''Secret Book of James'' and the ''Gospel of Mary''), but with sayings gospels involving the earthly Jesus (e.g., Q document and the ''Gospel of Thomas''). Crossan suggests that the document might have been written as early as the mid-first century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oxyrhynchus Gospels」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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